Here are the marks breakdown for Morphology and Syntax ( FEB 2012)
Attendance : 5%
Quiz / Blog : 5%
Presentation / Assignment : 15%
Mid-Semester : 15%
Final Exam : 60%
TOTAL : 100%
AS FOR NEXT WEEKS TASK:-
Please complete the exercise and bring it NEXT monday.....
Bring your presentation plan and discuss with Madam Sarada
Learn up Active and passive, and Tree Diagrams :)
Active and Passive
ReplyDeleteTo construction whether is active or passive simply look at the subject:
o If the subject is the "doer of the action," the sentence is active.
o If the subject is the "receiver of the action," the sentence is passive.
For more easier, If you do something, you're active; if you have something done to you, you're passive.
For example,
Active
o Peggy ate the bone.
o Big Dog chased the police car.
o We ate every bite of food.
Passive
o The bone was eaten by Peggy.
o The police car was chased by Big Dog.
o Every bite of food was eaten by us.
Passive and active sentences are incredibly useful to the study of persuasive and or emotive writing, and are a typical feature of newspaper reports.
For example, an active sentence may be, "The man helped the girl"
Whereas the passive equivalent would be, "The girl was helped (by the man)".
The active form of the aforementioned example has a SVO (Subject Verb Object) structure: "The man" (S), "helped" (V), "the girl" (O). All active sentences follow this pattern, except for those that exchange the object for an adverb or a complement. Passive sentences, on the other hand, are a little more complicated. Since the sentence is switched around, one would assume that a passive sentence would go Object - Verb - Subject. However, the original object becomes the subject, so this is not possible. Instead, a new term is used to refer to the original object ("the man"), and it is known as an agent. Therefore, the sequence for a passive sentence becomes as follows:
"The girl" (subject), "was helped" (verb), "by the man" (agent) - S.V.Agent. Alternatively, passive sentences can omit the agent and merely consist of subject and verb: "The girl (S) was helped (V)".
OVERALL ,
Active sentence = S.V.O., S.V.Adv., or S.V.Compl.
Passive sentence = S.V., or S.V.Agent
i) To determine whether or not something is an agent, it is important to note where the blame is placed. If the words in question put the blame on someone or thing, or can begin with "by", then it is an agent, and the sentence is passive.
ii) Note the reason the writer uses a passive or active sentence.
iii) For example, active sentences can be used to foreground the person or thing that causes the events, shaping the reader's opinions towards them. They could also be useful to allow the reader to see something from a persona's perspective. (e.g., "I did this", rather than "this was done".)
iv) Active sentences are commonly used in newspaper articles to make the writer seem objective and non-intrusive, as they make the text appear factual and detached, although in reality they often also help to disguise subjective influences on the reader.
Active Sentences
ReplyDeletean active sentence is the opposite of a passive sentence. In an active sentence, the subject performs the action of the verb.
Examples:
-The dog ate all the biscuits.
(In this example, "the dog" is the subject of the sentence - subject of the verb "to eat", i.e., "The dog" is the thing that did the eating. Therefore, this is an active sentence. Compare this to its passive version: "The biscuits were eaten by the dog." In this example, the biscuits did not perform the action of the verb. In fact, it was done to them. Therefore, it is a passive sentence.)
-Tony is trimming the hedges all week.
("Tony" - active subject, i.e., doing the action (trimming)) Passive Sentence
Passive sentences
in a passive sentence, the subject does not perform the action in the sentence. In fact, the action is performed on it.
Examples:
-Anita was driven to the theatre.
(In this example, "Anita" is the subject of the sentence - subject of the verb "was". However, she did not perform the action of the verb "to drive". The action was done to her; she was the recipient of the action.)
-Nowadays, kids are protected.
("Kids" - passive subject, i.e., the action is being done to them)
-The olives are stoned and crushed in this area.
("Olives" - passive subject, i.e., the actions are being done to them)
In a passive sentence, the person or thing doing the action is usually preceded by the word "by".
Examples:
-Anita was driven to the theater by Carla.
-Nowadays, kids are protected by law.
-The olives are stoned and crushed in this area by my son.
-The opposite of a passive sentence is an active sentence, in which the subject does perform the action of the verb.
Active and Passive Sentences
ReplyDeleteSentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms."
Active
- A sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.
- In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
1.The professor teaches the students.
* The professor (subject doing action)
* teaches (verb)
* the students (object receiving action)
2.John washes the dishes.
* John (subject doing action)
* washes (verb)
* the dishes (object receiving action)
Passive
- A sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.
- In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:
1.The students are taught by the professor.
* The students (subject receiving action)
* are taught (passive verb)
* by the professor (doing action)
2.The dishes are washed by John.
* The dishes (subject receiving action)
* are washed (passive verb)
* by John (doing action)
Here are some exercises on Active and Passive sentences. You guys can try to do this for your better understanding.
1. These are all written in passive voice. Change each sentence into active voice.
a) The football was kicked by Luke.
b) The knife was left on the table by Julie.
c) The milk had been knocked over by a cat.
d) The car had been driven into a wall by a naughty child.
2. These are all written in active voice. Change each sentence into passive voice.
a) The actors had performed the play by Shakespeare.
b) A stone smashed the window.
c) The boys pushed the tree over.
d) James climbed the ladder.
........."Practice makes perfect"..........
Ok,how about the others?
ReplyDeleteActive and Passive Sentences
ReplyDeleteYou probably have been told at some point in your school career that you should write in the
active voice or that you should write active sentences, that they are in some way more desirable than passive sentences. Well, that’s not always correct. Whether you choose to write in the active voice or the passive voice depends entirely on what you choose to reveal or emphasize in the sentences you write. The passive voice is more desirable than the active voice in certain situations. The trick is in deciding what those situations are.
So, what is voice anyway? Voice is simply the name we have given to a grammatical choice we
can make in sentence structure—whether we want the subject of a sentence to be the doer of the action in the sentence or whether we want the subject of the sentence to be the receiver of the action. Or another way to look at it is do we want the verb to describe what the subject does or to describe something that is done to the subject? Consider the following sentences.
-Jack broke the window.
In this sentence the subject (Jack) does the action (broke), or the other way to say it is that the verb (broke) describes what the subject (Jack) does. We say that this sentence is active or in the active voice because the subject is active—the subject does something. Now let’s consider another way to arrange this sentence.
-The window was broken by Jack.
Obviously this sentence contains the same information as the original sentence, but it has been rearranged. Now the subject of the sentence (window) doesn’t do the action—it receives the action, is acted upon (was broken). Or we can say that the verb (was broken) describes something that was done to the subject (window). This sentence is in the passive voice because the subject of the sentence is passive.
So what? What difference does it make? Well, for one thing, notice that in the passive sentence we don’t find out who does the action until the end of the sentence, and by moving that information to the end, we redistribute the emphasis in the sentence. Now we emphasize window by virtue of its position at the beginning of the sentence. Obviously that would be useful if we wanted for some reason to emphasize window or wanted to delay our reader’s knowledge that it was Jack who broke the window.
But there is another peculiarity of the passive voice that we haven’t looked at yet—and that is that it allows us to completely hide who does the action.
Consider the following sentence.
=The window was broken.
Let’s begin with the active sentence
-John broke the window.
Notice that it has a subject (John) followed by an active verb (broke) which is itself followed by a direct object, something that receives the action of the verb (the window).
In order to convert this sentence into its passive form, we must do four things:
(1). Move the direct object (the window) to the subject position at the beginning
of the sentence
(2). Move the original subject (John) to the end of the sentence and put by before
it, or eliminate it altogether
(3) Change the verb form from past tense (broke) to its past participle (broken)
(4) And add a form of to be (in this case was) as a helping verb to broken.
If we complete all four steps we end up with the passive sentence
-The window was broken by John.
To convert a passive sentence to an active one, we simply reverse the process.
(1) Move the direct object (window) to its regular position behind the verb
(2) Move the original subject (John) back to the subject position at the beginning of the
sentence
(3) Change the verb from the past participle (broken) to the past tense (broke)
(4) Remove the helping verb was.
We have restored the sentence to its active voice—we have made the subject the doer of the
action again.
Exercise 1
ReplyDeleteLet’s get some practice manipulating the active and passive voices. The next ten sentences are
written in the active voice. Revise them so that they are passive.
1. When the screwball entered the strike zone, Paul tattooed it.
2. The managers of the company entered into negotiations with the labor unions.
3. A complete sentence contains a subject and a verb.
4. Jack failed to send the check to the bank on time, so he lost his house.
5. Summer finished her book and sold it to the highest bidder.
6. Travelers always enjoy stopping by the old mill and taking a picture.
7. Jackson writes all his class notes on a legal pad and transcribes them onto the computer.
8. The university issues traffic permits to all its new students every semester.
9. The community council decided that a leash law should be passed before summer.
10. The tutors stayed way after quitting time to finish the stack of papers.
Exersice 2
The next ten sentences are written in the passive voice; change them to active.
1. The check was received and filed appropriately.
2. The decision was made and ratified by the whole council.
3. Several special provisions were included in the contract.
4. The ice cream was eaten while the children were waiting for the park to open.
5. The question was answered by the class clown before the serious students had a chance
at it.
6. The corpse was moved from the murder scene sometime between Sunday night and
Monday afternoon.
7. The cattle were released accidentally when the gate was left open.
8. The two weeks’ notice policy was created to give employers a time cushion.
9. Fermentation was begun when the sugar was added to the fruit juice.
10. The alcohol was subsequently consumed by the fifteen fraternity brothers.
Answers
ReplyDeleteExersice 1
(1.) The screwball was tattooed by Paul when it entered the strike zone.
(2.) Negotiations with the labor unions
were entered into by the managers of the company.
(3.) A subject and a verb are contained in a complete sentence.
(4). Jack’s house was lost because the check was not sent to the bank on time.
(5.) Summer’s book was finished by
her and sold to the highest bidder.
(6.) Stopping by the old mill and taking a picture is an activity often enjoyed by
travelers.
(7.) All of Jackson’s class notes are written on a legal pad and transcribed onto the computer.
(8.) Traffic permits are issued to new students every semester by the university.
(9.) It was decided by the community council
that a leash law should be passed before summer.
(10.) The stack of papers were finished by the tutors way after quitting time.
Exersice 2
(1.) Vince received and filed the check appropriately.
(2.) The whole council made and ratified the decision.
(3.) The contract included several special provisions.
(4.) The children ate the ice cream while waiting for the park to open.
(5.) The class clown answered the question before the serious students had a chance at it.
(6.) The murderer moved the corpse from the murder scene sometime between Sunday night and Monday
afternoon.
(7.) The cattle fled the ranch when Renee accidentally left the gate open.
(8.) Employers created the two weeks’ notice policy to allow themselves time cushion.
(9.) When Sandra added sugar to the fruit
juice, the fermentation process began.
(10.) Fifteen fraternity brothers subsequently consumed the alcohol.
Active Voice=
ReplyDeleteThe active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb:
subject verb object
Cats eat fish.
Passive Voice=
The passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
subject verb object
Fish are eaten by cats.
Task One
Copy out each of these sentences and then write whether it is in active or passive voice. (Hint: In these sentences look for the person who is carrying out the action).
1. Mark was eating an apple.
2. The picture was painted by Bob.
3. Tina opened the present.
4. The phone was being used by Mr Thomas.
5. The card was made by Fred.
6. James hit the tree with his stick.
7. The man jumped off the step.
8. Daniel was watching the birds.
ANSWER
1. Active
2. Passive
3. Passive
4. Passive
5. Passive
6. Active
7. Passive
8. Active
Task Two
These are all written in passive voice. Change each sentence into active voice.
1. The football was kicked by Luke.
2. The knife was left on the table by Julie.
3. The milk had been knocked over by a cat.
4. The car had been driven into a wall by a naughty child.
5. The windows had been washed.
ANSWER
1. Luke was kicking the ball.
2. Julie left the knife on the table.
3. The cat was knocking over the milk.
4. A naughty child was driving the car into a wall.
5. Washing the windows.
Task Three
These are all written in active voice. Change each sentence into passive voice.
1. The girl was washing the dog.
2. A stone smashed the window.
3. The boys pushed the tree over.
4. James climbed the ladder.
5. Sam baked a big cake.
ANSWER
1. The dog was being washed by the girl.
2. The window was smashed by a stone.
3. The tree was pushed over by the boys.
4. The ladder had being used by James to climb.
5. The big cake was baked by Sam.
madam please check my answer and correct them for me if there is wrong answer. tq madam...
Voice is a verb form that indicates if the sentence's subject performs or receives an action.
ReplyDeleteThere are two types of voice - active voice and passive voice.
If the sentence's subject performs the action, the sentence is written in the active voice. "The pilot landed the plane" is written in the active voice since the subject (pilot) performed the action (landed the plane).
If the sentence's subject receives the action, the sentence is written in the passive voice. "The plane was landed by the pilot" is written in the passive voice since the subject (plane) received the pilot's action (landed the plane).
example of sentences:
-million of people buy it. (active)
-it is bought by million of people.
-someone published it in 2012.
-it was published in 2012.
-The Nobel Foundation awarded President Obama the Nobel Peace Prize
-President Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Active and Passive Sentences
ReplyDeleteA sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.
e.g. The girl was washing the dog.
A sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.
e.g. The dog was being washed by the girl.
Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
E.g
The professor teaches the students.
(subject doing action) (verb) (object receiving action)
John washes the dishes
(subject doing action) (verb) (object receiving action)
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
The students are taught by the professor.
(subject receiving action) (passive verb) (doing action)
The dishes are washed by John.
(subject receiving action) (passive verb) (doing action)
here are some exercise we can try to do..
ReplyDeleteWrite whether it is in active or passive voice.
1. Mark was eating an apple.
2. The picture was painted by Bob.
3. Tina opened the present.
4. The phone was being used by Mr Thomas.
5. The card was made by Fred.
6. James hit the tree with his stick.
7. The man jumped off the step.
8. Daniel was watching the birds.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. Active voice
ReplyDelete- The verb form or voice in which the subject of the sentence performs or causes the action
expressed by the verb.
- Example : "The sentence 'John picked up the bag' is in the active voice because the
subject, John, is also the thing or person doing the action of 'picking up'.
"The sentence 'The bag was picked up by John' is in the passive voice because
the subject of the sentence, bag, is the passive receiver of the action.
2.Passive voice
- A verb form or voice in which the grammatical subject receives the verb's action.
- Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
-In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not
know,however, who did it.
-Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the example shows
an example: A mistake was made.
-It focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but we do not blame
anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
ACTIVE FORM
ReplyDeleteA sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs action in the sentence.
e.g. The girl was washing the dog.
Needle to say, In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
For instance :
i) "The professor teaches the student".In this phrase,"the professor" refers to the subject doing the action,"teaches"refers to verb and "the student"refers to the object receiving the action.
ii) The second example is "John washes the dishes".In this phrase,"John"refers to the subject that carrying out the action ; "washes" refers to verb and "the dishes"refers to the object that recieve the action.
PASSIVE FORM :-
A sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.
e.g. The dog was being washed by the girl.
Needle to say, in passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
For instance :-
i) "The students are taught by the professor."In this phrase,"the students " refers to subject that receiving the action ;"taught" refers to passive verb and " the professor" refers to doing action.
ii) " The dishes are washed by John".In this phrase,"the dishes" refers to the subject that receiving the action;"washed" refers to passive verb and "John" refers to the doing action.
ACTIVE SENTENCES.
ReplyDeleteAn active sentence is the opposite of a passive sentence. In an active sentence, the subject performs the action of the verb.
Examples:
1) The dog ate all the biscuits.
In this example, "the dog" is the subject of the sentence - subject of the verb "to eat"
2) Tony is trimming the hedges all week.
"Tony" - active subject & subject of the verb "trimming"
3) Hammerhead sharks will pester you as you approach the reef.
"Hammerhead sharks" - active subject & subject of the verb "pester"
PASSIVE SENTENCES
In a passive sentence, the person or thing doing the action is usually preceded by the word "by".
Examples :-
1) The biscuits were eaten by the dog.
In this example, the biscuits did not perform the action of the verb. In fact, it was
done to them. Therefore, it is a passive sentence.
2) The work has been finished by me.
3) I was chased by the bull.
4) The cat was chased by the dog.
To differentiate between active and passive sentences
1) Active: Peter builds a house.
Passive: A house is build by Peter.
2) Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week.
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
3) Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
A subject is "a word or phrase in a sentence that denotes the doer of the action [or] the receiver of the action in passive constructions." To tell if a construction is active or passive look at the subject:
ReplyDeleteIf the subject is the "doer of the action," the sentence is active.
If the subject is the "receiver of the action," the sentence is passive.
If you do something, you're active; if you have something done to you, you're passive.
Active
Adam ate the noodles.
The policeman chased the thief.
We ate every bite of food.
Passive
The noodles were eaten by Adam.
The thief was chased by the policeman.
Every bite of food was eaten by us.
Active voice
ReplyDeleteIn most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
The woman must have eaten five hamburgers
The woman (subject) is doing the eating (verb).
John mailed the letter.
John (subject) is doing the mailing (verb).
Colorful parrots live in the rainforests.
Parrots (subject) are doing the living (verb).
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb – or passive.
Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
Five hamburgers must have been eaten by the woman.
Hamburgers (subject) are being eaten (verb).
The letter was mailed by John.
The letter (subject) was being mailed (verb).
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
NOTE: Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
from: sarah nadiah ahmad tajuddin (KB1081022)