Inflection is the name for the extra letter or letters added to nouns, verbs and adjectives in their different grammatical forms.
Nouns are inflected in the plural, verbs are inflected in the various tenses, and adjectives are inflected in the comparative/superlative.
Here are some of the most important inflection rules:
(a)Add -es in the plural noun or 3rd person singular verb. Examples: bus → buses (n) / busses (v) miss → misses wish → wishes watch → watches fox → foxes potato → potatoes do → does
(b)Change the -y to ie before the ending -s. Examples: party → parties study → studies cry → cries
(c)Change the -y to i before the endings -ed/-er/-est/-ly. Examples: try → tried happy → happier easy → easiest
(d)Do NOT change the -y before the ending -ing Examples: carry → carrying try → trying
(e)Do NOT change the -y. Examples: buy → buys play → played
(f)Change the -ie to a - y before the ending –ing Examples: die → dying lie → lying
(g)Omit the -e before the ending –ing Examples: ride → riding love → loving write → writing provide → providing
(h)Double the last consonant before the endings -ing/-ed/-er/-est. Examples: hit → hitting stop → stopped wet → wetter fat → fattest begin → beginning prefer → preferred
(i)Do NOT double the last consonant before the endings -ing/-ed/-er/-est. Examples: happen → happening visit → visited
What is Inflection: Inflection is a process of word formation in which items are added to the base form of a word to express grammatical meanings.
In short: inflections are morphemes that signal the grammatical variants of word.
Inflection vs Derivation: Inflection does not change either the meaning or the wordclass(category),while…. Derivation changes the meaning and/or the wordclass.
Inflection for number: Singular= book, pillow, box Plural=books, pillows,boxes
Inflection for tense: Present= look, laugh, watch, talk, jump Past=looked,laughed,watched,talked,jumped
What is a Phrase: A group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense, is called a Phrase. It is a group of related words without a Subject and a Verb.
Verb Phrases: A verb phrase consists of a verb, its direct and/or indirect objects, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses which happen to modify it. The predicate of a clause or sentence is always a verb phrase: Example= 1.Corinne is trying to decide whether she wants to go to medical school or to go to law school. 2. He did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else. 3. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent. 4. We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.
Adjective Phrases: An adjective phrase is any phrase which modifies a noun or pronoun. You often construct adjective phrases using participles or prepositions together with their objects. Example= I was driven mad by the sound of my neighbour's constant piano practicing.
Adverb Phrases: A prepositional phrase can also be an adverb phrase, functioning as an adverb, as in the following sentences. Example= She bought some spinach when she went to the corner store. In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "to the corner store" acts as an adverb modifying the verb "went."
Noun phrase: A noun phrase is a phrase that has a noun as its head. Example= The hockey coach is happy.
What is inflection ? change in or addition affix to the form of a word which shows a change in the way it is used in sentences. (singular to plural meaning)
Some noun stems take different inflectional affixes or none at all. For example:
(1)The word ‘mouse’ becomes ‘mice’ in the plural and does not take the suffix ‘s’
(2)The word ‘sheep’ stays the same in the plural without taking any affix.
(3)The word ‘medium’ becomes ‘media’ in the plural, here losing the ‘um’ ending and replacing it with ‘a’.
(4)The word ‘fungus’ becomes ‘fungi’ and the word ‘cactus’ becomes ‘cacti’ in the plural form
Example of sentences:
a)His feet smelled bad. (VERB – past tense inflection)
b)His feet filled the room with foul smells. (NOUN – plural inflection)
c)The contest pitted man against beast. (VERB – past tense inflection)
d)I love fruit without pits. (NOUN – plural inflection)
e)He laughed all the way to the bank. (VERB – past tense inflection)
f)That joke always gets big laughs. (NOUN – plural inflection)
g)They parted ways on good terms. (VERB – past tense inflection)
h)Caesar said Gaul was divided into several parts. (NOUN – plural inflection)
Will give a short quiz on Parts of speech,phrases,derivational/inflectional morphemes when you come back on Monday...very,very easy...remember class starts at 11.30....quiz will be on at about 1pm...good luck... Am sure Fadhli will do very well....hmmm,don't forget to come,eh??!!!
inflectional morpheme can only be a suffix and it doesn't change the meaning.
The "s" in cats is an inflectional morpheme.
An inflectional morpheme creates a change in the function of the word.
Example: the "d" in extended indicates past tense. inflectional morpheme can be plural, possessive, past tense, past participle, present participle....
* Verb Phrases Sang ------- V ate the cake --------- V-- NP ate the cake hungrily -------- V—NP-- ADV sang a song in the shower------ VP---NP--PP fell into the pond slowly ------V----PP----ADV Phrase structure rule for VPs: VP--- V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
* Noun phrase Often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun:
People like to have money. I am tired. It is getting late.
or a determiner and a noun …:
Our friends have bought a house in the village. Those houses are very expensive.
Inflections
ReplyDeleteInflection is the name for the extra letter or letters added to nouns, verbs and adjectives in their different grammatical forms.
Nouns are inflected in the plural, verbs are inflected in the various tenses, and adjectives are inflected in the comparative/superlative.
Here are some of the most important inflection rules:
(a)Add -es in the plural noun or 3rd person singular verb.
Examples:
bus → buses (n) / busses (v)
miss → misses
wish → wishes
watch → watches
fox → foxes
potato → potatoes
do → does
(b)Change the -y to ie before the ending -s.
Examples:
party → parties
study → studies
cry → cries
(c)Change the -y to i before the endings -ed/-er/-est/-ly.
Examples:
try → tried
happy → happier
easy → easiest
(d)Do NOT change the -y before the ending -ing
Examples:
carry → carrying
try → trying
(e)Do NOT change the -y.
Examples:
buy → buys
play → played
(f)Change the -ie to a - y before the ending –ing
Examples:
die → dying
lie → lying
(g)Omit the -e before the ending –ing
Examples:
ride → riding
love → loving
write → writing
provide → providing
(h)Double the last consonant before the endings -ing/-ed/-er/-est.
Examples:
hit → hitting
stop → stopped
wet → wetter
fat → fattest
begin → beginning
prefer → preferred
(i)Do NOT double the last consonant before the endings -ing/-ed/-er/-est.
Examples:
happen → happening
visit → visited
Hmmm,as usual Tulasi is the first to respond...well done!!!
ReplyDeleteThe others?hmmm,sleeping,eh???
excellent work Tulasi.any others example you want to add?
ReplyDeleteWhat is Inflection:
ReplyDeleteInflection is a process of word formation in which items are added to the base form of a word to express grammatical meanings.
In short: inflections are morphemes that signal the grammatical variants of word.
Inflection vs Derivation:
Inflection does not change either the meaning or the wordclass(category),while….
Derivation changes the meaning and/or the wordclass.
Inflection for number:
Singular= book, pillow, box
Plural=books, pillows,boxes
Inflection for tense:
Present= look, laugh, watch, talk, jump Past=looked,laughed,watched,talked,jumped
What is a Phrase:
A group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense, is called a Phrase. It is a group of related words without a Subject and a Verb.
Verb Phrases:
A verb phrase consists of a verb, its direct and/or indirect objects, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or adverb clauses which happen to modify it. The predicate of a clause or sentence is always a verb phrase:
Example=
1.Corinne is trying to decide whether she wants to go to medical school or to go to law school.
2. He did not have all the ingredients the recipe called for; therefore, he decided to make something else.
3. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
4. We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.
Adjective Phrases:
An adjective phrase is any phrase which modifies a noun or pronoun. You often construct adjective phrases using participles or prepositions together with their objects. Example=
I was driven mad by the sound of my neighbour's constant piano practicing.
Adverb Phrases:
A prepositional phrase can also be an adverb phrase, functioning as an adverb, as in the following sentences. Example=
She bought some spinach when she went to the corner store.
In this sentence, the prepositional phrase "to the corner store" acts as an adverb modifying the verb "went."
Noun phrase:
A noun phrase is a phrase that has a noun as its head. Example=
The hockey coach is happy.
What is inflection ?
ReplyDeletechange in or addition affix to the form of a word which shows a change in the way it is used in sentences.
(singular to plural meaning)
Some noun stems take different inflectional affixes or none at all. For example:
(1)The word ‘mouse’ becomes ‘mice’ in the plural and does not take the suffix ‘s’
(2)The word ‘sheep’ stays the same in the plural without taking any affix.
(3)The word ‘medium’ becomes ‘media’ in the plural, here losing the ‘um’ ending and replacing it with ‘a’.
(4)The word ‘fungus’ becomes ‘fungi’ and the word ‘cactus’ becomes ‘cacti’ in the plural form
Example of sentences:
a)His feet smelled bad. (VERB – past tense inflection)
b)His feet filled the room with foul smells. (NOUN – plural inflection)
c)The contest pitted man against beast.
(VERB – past tense inflection)
d)I love fruit without pits. (NOUN – plural inflection)
e)He laughed all the way to the bank. (VERB – past tense inflection)
f)That joke always gets big laughs. (NOUN – plural inflection)
g)They parted ways on good terms. (VERB – past tense inflection)
h)Caesar said Gaul was divided into several parts. (NOUN – plural inflection)
Hahaha,looks like Fadhli has taken our my place.....!
ReplyDeleteWill give a short quiz on Parts of speech,phrases,derivational/inflectional morphemes when you come back on Monday...very,very easy...remember class starts at 11.30....quiz will be on at about 1pm...good luck...
ReplyDeleteAm sure Fadhli will do very well....hmmm,don't forget to come,eh??!!!
inflectional morpheme can only be a suffix and it doesn't change the meaning.
ReplyDeleteThe "s" in cats is an inflectional morpheme.
An inflectional morpheme creates a change in the function of the word.
Example: the "d" in extended indicates past tense. inflectional morpheme can be plural, possessive, past tense, past participle, present participle....
example :
1. key - keys
2. dress - dresses
3. wing - wings
4. lock - locked
5. hunt - hunting
6. injure - injured
7. cook - cooking
* Verb Phrases
Sang ------- V
ate the cake --------- V-- NP
ate the cake hungrily -------- V—NP-- ADV
sang a song in the shower------ VP---NP--PP
fell into the pond slowly ------V----PP----ADV
Phrase structure rule for VPs:
VP--- V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
* Noun phrase
Often a noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun:
People like to have money.
I am tired.
It is getting late.
or a determiner and a noun …:
Our friends have bought a house in the village.
Those houses are very expensive.