1.What is ‘orthography’?
2.a)When you say you know a word,it means you know both its ‘form’ and its ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
b)Select a word ,make sentences to show its different meanings.
3.When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’,what is the information you have on the word?
4.Explain ‘morpheme’.A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes:Look at the following words,do you know how many morphemes they consist of?
a)boy b)boyish c) boyishness d)gentlemanliness e) ungentlemanliness
5. What are ‘root’ morphemes?Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes.
6. What is a ‘stem’?Give examples of ‘stem’.
7.Explain and give examples of:
‘free’ and ‘bound’ morphemes.
Prefixes and suffixes
Content(open) and function (closed)words
Derivational and inflectional morphemes
Compounds,Acronyms,Blends,Abbreviations,Eponyms
Aha,so you know what to do ehhh?!!!Please make sure you don't copy and paste stuff....
ReplyDelete1.What is ‘orthography’?
ReplyDelete-The conventional spelling system of a language.
-The study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words.
i. The word “orthography” comes from Greek roots meaning “correct writing.”
ii. The art of writing words with the proper letters, according to accepted usage; correct spelling.
iii. The part of language study concerned with letters and spelling.
iv. A method of spelling, as by the use of an alphabet or other system of symbols; spelling.
2(a). When you say you know a word, it means you know both its ‘form’ and its ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
All words are linguistic sign
Form + sound = parts of linguistic sign
The two major families of word classes are (1) lexical (or open) classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and (2) function (or closed) classes (determiners, particles, prepositions, and others).
2(b)Select a word ,make sentences to show its different meanings.
-Same words but different meaning.
Couple:
a.I think the trouble will clear up in a couple of days.
b.They look wonderful together as a couple.
3.When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’, what is the information you have on the word?
•Know image
•Sound (form)
•Orthography (know how to spell)
•Know what it means
Becourse already in mental dictionary.
4.Explain mor•pheme?
The component parts of words are called morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest meaning bearing unit in a language.
Thus, the word unfreezable consists of three morphemes because it can be reduced to three identifiable units of meaning — {un-}, {freeze}, and {-able}.
Example:
•Unladylike
•The word unladylike consist of three morphemes and four syllables.
•Morpheme breaks:
.un- 'not'
.lady '(well behaved) female adult human'
.like 'having the characteristics of'
•None of these morphemes can be broken up any more without losing all sense of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up into "la" and "dy," even though "la" and "dy" are separate syllables. Note that each syllable has no meaning on its own.
a)boy
- 1 morpheme
b)boyish
- boy + ish
- 2 morphemes
c) boyishness
- boy + ish + ness
- 3 morphemes
d)gentlemanliness
- gentle + man + ly + ness
- 4 morphemes
e) ungentlemanliness
- un + gentle + man + ly + ness
-5 morphemes
5.What are ‘root’ morphemes? Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes...
ReplyDeleteroots can usually appear as independent words, for which reason they are called free morphs.
Free morphemes are those which can stand alone as words of a language, whereas bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes. Most roots in English are free morphemes (for example, dog, syntax, and to)
6. What is a ‘stem’? Give examples of ‘stem’.
"A stem may consist of a single root, of two roots forming a compound stem, or of a root (or stem) and one or more derivational affixes forming a derived stem."
Examples of word stems
- hit
- reduce
- tooth
- catch
7. Explain and give examples of :
•‘free’ and ‘bound’ morphemes.
Every word consists of at least one morpheme and many morphemes can be words.
Morphemes that can stand alone as words, such as in happy, tree, swim, ready, are called free morphemes.
Morphemes that cannot stand alone, such as the affixes in {un-}, {pre-}, {dis-}, {-ment}, {-ity}, {-ing}, {-ed}, are called bound morphemes.
Free morphemes are usually content morphemes, corresponding to concepts denoted by the
major lexical categories of nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Bound morphemes can be content or
function morphemes.
•Prefixes and suffixes
A prefix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that partly indicates its meaning.
For example, the word prefix itself begins with a prefix--pre-, which generally means "before
Common prefixes include anti- (against), co- (with), mis- (wrong, bad), and trans- (across).
Prefix:
a- amoral
ante- antecedent
anti- anticlimax
auto- autopilot
Suffixes
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the end of a word to form a new word or to alter the grammatical function of the original word.
For example, the verb read can be made into the noun reader by adding the suffix -er; read can be made into the adjective readable by adding the suffix -able.
Noun Suffixes:
-acy = privacy
Verb Suffixes:
-ate = eradicate
Adjective Suffixes:
-able, -ible = edible, presentable
.Content(open) and function (closed)words
ReplyDeleteThe category of function words--that is, parts of speech (or word classes) that do not readily accept new members. Contrast with open class.The closed classes include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions.
"closed-class words are those belonging to the grammatical, or function, classes . . ..
Function words include conjunctions (and, or), articles (the, a), demonstratives (this, that), and prepositions (to, from, at, with).
All morphemes can be divided into the categories lexical [content] and grammatical [function].
A lexical morpheme has a meaning that can be understood fully in and of itself--{boy}, for example, as well as {run}, {green}, {quick}, {paper}, {large}, {throw}, and {now}. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are typical kinds of lexical morphemes.
Grammatical morphemes, on the other hand--such as {of}, {and}, {the}, {ness}, {to}, {pre}, {a}, {but}, {in}, and {ly}--can be understood completely only when they occur with other words in a sentence."
.Derivational and inflectional morphemes
The process of creating a new word out of one or more old words, either by adding a prefix or suffix or by compounding.
•Derivational prefixes do not normally alter the word class of the base word; that is, a prefix is added to a noun to form a new noun with a different meaning:
•patient: outpatient
•group: subgroup
•trial: retrial
Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, usually change both the meaning and the word class; that is, a suffix is often added to a verb or adjective to form a new noun with a different meaning:
•adjective--dark: darkness
•verb--agree: agreement
•noun--friend: friendship"
. Inflectional morpheme
Inflections are morphemes that signal the grammatical variants of a word; the inflectional -s at the end of ideas indicates that the noun is plural; the inflectional -s at the end of makes indicates that the verb is the third person singular, so that we say she makes but I make and they make.
The inflection -ed can change a verb from present to past tense
For example:(walk/walked)
.Compounds
Take two words combine in one words.
For example: car wash ; lorry driver
.Acronyms
A word formed from the initial letters of a name (for example, NATO, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
.Blends
A word formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two or more other words or word parts.
The most common type of blend is a full word followed by a word part (called a splinter), as in motorcade (motor + cavalcade).
.Abbreviations
A shortened form of a word or phrase, such as Jan. for January
.Eponyms
An eponym is a word derived from the proper name of a person or place.
For example: valentine, from the saintly name of not one but two early Christian martyrs
Today i learn alot of things...thank you madam Sarada.
ReplyDeleteMost welcome,Tulasi...I'm happy to note that you have understood the lesson well...your explanations are very clear....
DeleteThank tou Madam..
Delete1)orthography is the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage or the representation of the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols.It is also a part of language study that deals with letters and spelling.
ReplyDelete2)b) present-i was present at the meeting yesterday
-she gave me a present for my birthday
3)creating a image about the thing,we know how to pronounce it and how to spell it.
4)morpheme is a combination of sounds that have a meaning and make up a word.
5)root morpheme is a word element that is, a morpheme from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes
ReplyDeleteHmm,so Fadhli is back...where have you been?Brian missed you a lot...hehehe...
ReplyDeleteAnyway,are you sure that's what 'root morphene' is?
1.What is ‘orthography’?
ReplyDeleteOrthography is an alphabetic spelling system used in English. It uses a set of habit to represent sounds in writing.
2.a)When you say you know a word,it means you know both its ‘form’ and its ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
‘form’ is the sound of a word.
b)Select a word ,make sentences to show its different meanings.
branch-The monkey is swinging from branch to branch.
- The restaurant has just opened a new branch.
3.When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’,what is the information you have on the word?
-The image of the word
-The sound of the word
-The orthography (spelling) of the word
-The grammatical category of the word (example: noun, pronoun, adjectives)
4.Explain ‘morpheme’.
Morpheme is a very small unit of linguistic meaning. It is a minimal meaningful language unit or carries certain grammatical function. A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes. Morpheme can be divided into two categories which are free morpheme and bound morpheme. For example, -ly, un-, -s.
A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes:Look at the following words,do you know how many morphemes they consist of?
a)boy-one morpheme
b)boyish- two morphemes
c) boyishness –three morphemes
d)gentlemanliness- four morphemes
e) ungentlemanliness- five morphemes
5. What are ‘root’ morphemes?Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes.
A root morpheme is a lexical content morpheme that cannot be analysed into smaller parts. Affixes do not need to be added.
Example: believe
6. What is a ‘stem’?Give examples of ‘stem’.
A stem is formed when a root morpheme is combined with an affix.
Example: believable (believe + able)
7.Explain and give examples of:
‘free’ and ‘bound’ morphemes.
Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words.
Example: understand, speak, language
Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot normally stand alone and are attached to another form such as affixes(prefix and suffix)
Example: -ies, -en
Prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes are added before the stem.
Suffixes are added after the stem.
Example: undressed (un+dress+ed)
‘un’ and ‘ed’ are bound morphemes that are added as prefix (un-) and suffix(-ed) to the free morpheme or stem (-dress)
Content(open) and function (closed)words
Content words are words that keeps changing and are added from time to time.
Example of words comes from the grammatical categories such as nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Function words are words that have grammatical functions.
Examples of words are from the grammatical categories such as article and prepositions. For example, the preposition ‘of’
Derivational and inflectional morphemes
Derivational morphemes- When an affix is added to a word, a new meaning are derived.
Example: when the derivational morpheme ‘-ness’ is added, it changes the adjective ‘good’ to noun ‘goodness’
Inflectional morphemes- Not used to produce new words in a language but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word. It is used to show if a word is plural or singular, past tense or present tense, or comparative or possessive form.
Example: -s, -ed, -ing, -en, -est
Compounds are joining of two separate words to produce a single form.
Example: door + knob = doorknob, sun + burn = sunburn.
Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words.
Example: WWW, UNESCO, ATM
Blends are combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term. It is accomplished by taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other word.
Example: information + entertainment = infotainment
Abbreviations occur when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form.
Example: facsimile- fax, gymnasium- gym
Eponyms are name of a person after whom a discovery or invention or place is named.
Example: Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman
From
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Nanteni D/O Ganesan KJC1050382
Cathreena Chee Sue Fern KJC1050384
Kalaivaani D/O Aluemalai KJC1050381
1.What is orthography?Orthography generally refers to spelling and defines the sets of symbols used in language.In other words,orthography refers to the correct way to use a specific writing system to write the language.
ReplyDelete2.a)Form refers to mechanics of language either in terms of grammar or vocabulary.for example in grammar,students must understand the specific structure of a grammar rule.In vocabulary,students must understand the pronunciation of a word.
2.b)excuse
i)Azlan excuse Shana’s bad manners.
ii)He excuse his absense by saying that he was ill.
3)Lexicon refers to vocabulary of the language with words and expression.It is usually considered as container for words belonging to a single language.
mental lexicon:
-the image
-spelling
-pronunciation
-sound of the word
4. morphemes refers to a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word (such as dog) or a word element (such as the -s at the end of dogs) that can't be divided into smaller meaningful parts. Adjective: morphemic.
ReplyDeleteMorphemes are commonly classified into free morphemes (which can occur as separate words) and bound morphemes (which can't stand alone as words).
Examples:
A prefix may be a morpheme:
"What does it mean to pre-board? Do you get on before you get on?"
(George Carlin)
Individual words may be morphemes:
"They want to put you in a box, but nobody's in a box. You're not in a box."
(John Turturro)
a)boy-one morpheme
b)boyish-two morphemes
c)boyishness-three morphemes
d)gentlemanliness-four morphemes
e)ungentlemanliness-five morphemes
5. What are ‘root’ morphemes?Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes. A root is a content morpheme that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts.The root is what's left when all prefixes and suffixes have been removed. Some examples are paint in painter, read in reread, and ling in linguistic.
6. What is a ‘stem’?Give examples of ‘stem’.
A stem is formed when a root morphemes is combined with an affix. Other affixes can be added to a stem to form a more complex stem. Example: systematic= system+atic, believeable= believe+able.
7.Explain and give examples of:
‘free’ and ‘bound’ morphemes.
Prefixes and suffixes
Derivational and inflectional morphemes
Compounds,Acronyms,Blends,Abbreviations,Eponyms
FREE MORPHEME= A morpheme that can stand alone as a word without another morpheme. It does not need anything attached to it to make a word. Example is orange, dog, brother.
BOUND MORPHEME= A sound or a combination of sounds that cannot stand alone as a word. Example the s in cats is a bound morpheme, and it does not have any meaning without the free morpheme cat.
PREFIX= An affix that comes before a base morpheme. Example is the in in the word inspect is a prefix.
SUFFIX=An affix that comes after a base morpheme. Example is s in cats is a suffix.
DERIVATIONAL= This type of morpheme changes the meaning of the word or the part of speech or both. Derivational morphemes often create new words. Example: Kindness is derived from kind.
INFLECTIONAL= This can only be a suffix. It does not change basic meaning or part of speech. Example big, bigg-er, bigg-est are all adjectives.
COMPOUNDS= Two or more words joined together to form a new word. Example: Home+work= Homework, Pick+pocket=Pickpocket.
ACRONYMS= Words derived from the initials of several words. Example: scuba, radar, AIDS.
BLENDS= Is very similar to compounding, but it is characterized by taking only parts of words and joining them. Famous English examples include: smog which combines smoke and fog, motel made of motor and hotel, Spanglish which is combination of Spanish and English; and guesstimate, from guess and estimate.
ABBREVIATIONs=From Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example Mass for Massachusetts or USMC for United States Marine Corps.
EPONYMS= Are words form proper names. Example: sandwich, robat, jumbo.
1. Orthography
ReplyDelete-It is a correct form of words and spelling with the proper letters.
-Used to express sounds and forms of words.
- It is a way to pronounce the words in a correct form.
- Example : thought , bought, enough
2. a)When you say you know a word,it means you know both its ‘form’ and its ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
• Forms + sounds = parts of linguistic
b)Select a word ,make sentences to show its different meanings.
• addition- to add
• edition - a book’s number
• Some additions have been made in this book.
• Third and latest edition of this book has been published last month.
3. When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’,what is the information you have on the word?
Mental lexicon is
• an imagination of words.
• How to pronounce (sound)
• How it looks alike (image)
• Example : book. When we said book it shows the proper way to pronounce and the functions. How the book is look alike?
4. Explain ‘morpheme’.
•Morpheme is small units of linguistic meaning.
•Morpheme such as il, dis, im, ir, ness…
•Example: powerless consist of two morphemes.
A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes:Look at the following words,do you know how many morphemes they consist of?
a)boy – 1 morpheme
b)boyish – 2 morpheme = boy + ish
c) boyishness - 3 morpheme = boy + ish + ness
d)gentlemanliness - 4 morphemes = gentle + man + li + ness
e) ungentlemanliness – 5 morphemes = un + gentleman + li + ness
5. What are ‘root’ morphemes?Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes.
Root word is a free word.
Cannot breakdown it into smaller units.
Essential for affixes and compounds.
Example : buy, let, care..
6. What is a ‘stem’?Give examples of ‘stem’
It is a combination of words where root morpheme and affix formed.
Example : predictable
Root word : predict
Stem : predict + able
7.Explain and give examples of: ‘free’ and ‘bound’ morphemes.
•Free morpheme can stand alone
•Example: bag, lake, moon...
•Bound morpheme function as a word part.
•It cannot stand alone with words.
•It is consisting of prefixes and suffixes.
•Example: unconscious, irresponsible…
Prefixes and suffixes
•Prefix is an affix that formed at the beginning of the root word.
•Example include – in is prefix
•Suffixes is an affix that formed after the root word.
•Example : functional – “al” is suffix.
Content(open) and function (closed)words
•Content word is consisting of nouns, verb, adjectives and adverb.
•Its keep on changing
•Example : keyboard, pendrive..
•Closed word is consisting of prepositions, conjunctions, verbs, determiners.
•Example : but, and, besides that and etc..
Derivational and inflectional morphemes
•Derivational morpheme is a different word is developed. Create new words.
•Example : share – sharing, shear – shears
Compounds,Acronyms,Blends,Abbreviations,Eponyms
•Compounds – words are combined to create a new word.
•Example : pick up = pick (verb) up(adverb)
Acronyms – initial or short form of words to be pronounce
•Example : MOE, WHO, etc
Blends – parts of words that combined to create meanings.
•Example : docudrama = document + drama, Camcorder = camera + recorder
Abbreviations = A shortened form of a word
•Example : fax- facsimile, max- maximum
Eponyms - proper word formation
•Example : cake, sandwich…
1.What is ‘orthography’?
ReplyDelete-Orthography is study of spelling.
2.a) When you say you know a word, it means you know both
its‘form’ and it’s ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
-Appearance of a word that can be used to describe
something.
b) Select a word; make sentences to show its different
meaning.
Uniform- 1) The policemen in town is wearing dark blue
uniform with caps.
2) The price rises will not be uniform across
the country.
3. When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’,what is the information you have on the word?
The picture of the word appears in our imagination. For example,word ‘book’, the book will appear in our mental lexicon as a picture.
4. Explain ‘morpheme’. A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes: Look at the following words, do you know how many morphemes they consist of?
a)boy
= 1morpheme
b)boyish
boy + ish
=2 morphemes
c)boyishness
Boy+ish+ness
=3 morphemes
d)gentlemanliness
Gentle+man+ly+ness
=4 morphemes
e)ungentlemanliness
un+gentle+man+ly+ness
=5 morphemes
5. What are ‘root’ morphemes? Give examples of ‘root’ morphemes.
‘Root’ morphemes - ‘Root’ morphemes is original word without affixes
Examples:
1) unreasonable
root=reason
2) inequalities
root = equal
3) inexpensive
root = expensive
6. What is a ‘stem’? Give examples of ‘stem’.
‘Stem’ – Stem is any word that affixes is added to.
Examples:lovely,leafy
7. Explain and give examples of
a)‘free’ morphemes – no attachment and can stand alone
Example: table, chair, pen, door.
b)‘bound’ morphemes – affixes is added to the root word
example: brothers, impulse, originality.
c) Prefixes – word like ‘un,im in’ that is added at the
begining of a root word.
Example: unaware, impossible
d) suffixes – word like ‘ness,ly,able’ that is added at
the end of a root word.
Example: partially, lively
e) Content(open) – noun,adjective,verbs are called open
class word and can be changed
Example: hand-drive, notebook ,touchpad
f) function (closed) – pronouns,preposition,
Conjunction are
called close class word and
cannot be changed.
Example: and, or, but.
g) Derivational morphemes – develop a word from other
that change it meaning.
Example: book- booklet, shop –shopkeeper,
fish- fishmonger
h)inflectional morphemes – if the word category didn't
change,so no changes in
meaning also.
Example: class – classes, glass-glasses.
i)Compounds – words are put together to create new word.
Example: lorry driver, car wash.
j)Acronyms – shortened word
Example: 1) BSN- Bank Simpanan National
2) UNITAR –University Tun Abdul Razak
k)Blends – mixture of words.
Example:1) Chillax-(chills + relax)
2) Camcorder – (camera + recorder)
l)Abbreviations- shortened form of word
Example: television-TV, professor- prof
m)Eponyms- name of person who invented the particular
thing.
Example:1) Isaac Newton – Law of Newton.
2) Phythogares- Phythogares theorem
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1. What is ‘orthography’?
DeleteBasically,orthography means it’s a alphabetic spelling system used in English Language.
• It is also known as art or study of correct spelling according to established usage.
• The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words.
• A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
• the study of letters and how they are used to express sounds and form words.
Besides that,according to Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary,orthography is defined as the science of spelling by the eye instead of the ear.
2.a)When you say you know a word, it means you know both its ‘form’ and its ‘meaning’….explain ‘form’….
Form of word known as sound .Needle to say, it is the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something.Basically, word can be divided into three parts which are simple word, complex word and compound word. A simple word a word consisting of a single morpheme such as ‘item', 'five', and etc. Besides that, complex word is a word consisting of a root plus one or more affixes. For instances, we can add “s” ,”ed”,or “ly”, at the end of a word such as 'items', 'walked', 'dirty'.
Lastly compound word is a word that is formed from two or more simple or complex words. Example of compound words is “landlord”, “red-hot”, “window cleaner”.
b)Select a word ,make sentences to show its different meanings.
Word=Goal
i. Each person has to come up with a goal
ii. There were no goal post at the field.
3. When a word is stored in your ‘mental lexicon’, what is the information you have on the word?
Mental lexicon can be explained as there is a mental imagination when we think about something. Basically, when a word stored in our mental lexicon, we may have:-
-spelling of the word
-image of that particular object
-pronunciation of the word
-grammar usage of the word
-advantages and disadvantages of the object.
This comment has been removed by the author.
Delete4. Explain ‘morpheme’.
ReplyDeleteMorpheme defined as the smallest unit of linguistic meaning of function. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is a freestanding unit of meaning. Every word comprises one or more morphemes .Moreover, morpheme consists of two categories:-
• Bound Morpheme- function as a word whereby there is an attachment. Attachment here known as affixes which consist of suffixes and prefixes. Example of morphemes that are called suffixes are “girls”,”commitment”,etc. Besides that, prefixes are an attachment that occurs at the beginning of the word. For example, the word “unhappy”, ”disappear” and etc.
• Free Morpheme-However, some morpheme can stand alone without affixes. Example of free morphemes are “dog”, ”man”,” mother”, ”apple”, etc.
A single word may be composed of one or two morphemes: Look at the following words, do you know how many morphemes they consist of?
• boy - one morpheme
• boyish - two morphemes
• boyishness – three morphemes
• gentlemanliness- four morphemes
• ungentle manliness – five morphemes
5. ROOT MORPHEMES : known as Non-affix lexical content morphemes that cannot be analyzed
into smaller part
Example : beauty, nice.cook….
6. STEM : When a root morpheme is combined with affix morphemes, it
forms a stem. Other affixes can be added to a stem to form a more complex.
Example: unpredictable
Root: predict
Stem: predict + able (verb + suffix)
Word:un + predict + able (prefix + verb + suffix)
7.Explain and give examples of:
ReplyDelete• Free morpheme
Some morpheme can stand alone without affixes.
Example of free morphemes are “house”,”dog”,”quick”,”mother”,”apple”,etc.
•Bound’ morphemes
ReplyDeleteFunction as a word part and basically,bound morpheme cannot stand alone.There are attachment of suffixes and prefixes in the morpheme.
Example of bound morpheme are, ”unhappy”, ”telecommunication”, etc.
•Prefixes and suffixes
ReplyDeletePrefixes known as attaching “un”, “dis”, “ir”, “im”, before or in front of word. Example of prefixes are unless, impatient, irresponsible, disappear, and unhappy.Besides that,Suffixes known as a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word or root.Example of suffixes are “comfortable,triad,blockade,garage,etc”.
• Content (open) and Function (closed) words :
ReplyDeleteBasically,content words are continuously add in vocabulary and it changes time to time.
Example of content word are “byte,mouse,download, and hardrive”.
Meanwhile,Function words are defined as words that consist of grammatical structure.Needle to say,it is ysed to help in creating a proper sentence.
Example of function words are “and,but,etc”in which it consist of conjunctions,prepositions,pronouns and determiners.
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• Root Morpheme
known as Non-affix lexical content morphemes that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts.
Example : beauty, nice.cook….
• Stem
ReplyDeleteWhen a root morpheme is combined with affix morphemes, it
forms a stem. Other affixes can be added to a stem to form a more complex.
Example: unpredictable
Root: predict
Stem: predict + able (verb + suffix)
Word:un + predict + able (prefix + verb + suffix)
• Derivational Morpheme
When it combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or part of speech of the affected word. For example, in the word dancer , the addition of the bound morpheme –r to the root happy changes the word from an adjective (dance) to a noun (dancer).
• Inflectional morphemes
Morphemes that modify a verb's tense or a noun's number without affecting the word's meaning or class. For example, dance – dancing.
• Compounds word : it’s joining of two words to make a word.
Examples : brainstorm ,championship, daytime…..
• Acronyms : a word that is formed by combining some parts (usually the first letters) of some other terms.
ReplyDeleteExample : ASAP – As soon as possible
BTW – By the way
• Blends : blend words are which are comprised of parts from two other word.
Examples : twiddle = twist + fiddle
Swipe = wipe + sweep
• Abbreviations : is a shortened form of a word or phrase.
Examples : Government – GOV
• Eponyms : An eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named.
Examples : Diesel (from Rudolf Diesel, (1858-1913)
GROUP MEMBERS :
Kavitha d/o Muniandy KJC1080399
Kalaiselvi d/o Rajoo KJC1080398
Prema d/o Rajalingam KJC1080397
Nanthinee d/o Shivashangar KJC1080404
hi madam. senbagam here. as i know orthography refer to spelling and the aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words.
ReplyDelete2A as i know their are 2 main things which is function(closed class) which mean using conjunctions, preps and pronouns. for example apple and orange. so and is the function word.
secondly, content words(open class) which is using new words. eg mouse, hardware.
2B i hope i can bat a home
i watched the bat flitting through the tree
3 mental lexicon means an imagination of the word. its mean we imagine a word and describe the image and sounds all
4 morpheme means a small unit of lingustic meaning. A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
a)boy
one morpheme
b)boyish
2 morpheme
boy+ish
c) boyishness
3 morpheme
boy+ish+ness
d)gentlemanliness
4 morpheme
gentle+man+li+ness
e) ungentlemanliness
5 morpheme
un+gentle+man+li+ness
5 The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (root is then called base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.
eg root(verb)
Stem: believe + able (verb + suffix)
Word: un + believe + able (prefix + verb + suffix)
6 stem is a part of a word. The term is used with slightly different meanings. stem is when a root morpheme is combined with affix morphemes, it forms a stem.Other affixes can be added to a stem to form a more complex stem.
7 free and bound morphemes can stand alone. eg egg, apple, house and tree.
bound morpheme is function as a word or sometime add some fixed. eg un...tele...and
prefix means before. which means imposible, illegal and irregular.
suffix means after the word. eg Girls, where the suffix -s marks the plural.
Content(open) means Content words, or lexical words, (including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs) are words that carry the content or the meaning of a sentence and are open-class words.
function words, such as articles, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, and pronouns, which can be found in almost any utterance, no matter what it is about.
derivatimal morpheme which means a fixed combined with words. eg paint and painter which is occupation. book which is noun and booklet.
inflectimal morpheme is no any new meanings. just singular and plural. eg paints- paints.
THANK YOU.
compound is a lexeme. it also will be say that word formation that creates compound lexemes.compounding or word-compounding occurs when a person attaches two or more words together to make them one word. The meanings of the words interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meanings of the words in isolation.
ReplyDeleteAcronyms are abbreviations formed from the initial components in a phrase or a word.
Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes morphemes. it also deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word.
Abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the abbreviation
Eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named.
SORRY. forget to write the names
DeleteSENBAGAM CHINNAPPAN KJC1160290
PRISCILLA LOH KJC1110296
SHALINI KANASAN KJC1110237
RAJALETCHUMI RAJENDRAN KJC1110298
VERONICA CAROLINE KJC1110240
You've to support your explanations with examples.....
DeleteGROUP 6
ReplyDeleteShamini A/P C. Soman KJC1080085
Thinavathani A/P Selvam KJC1080134
Shaliny A/P Renganathan KJC1080458
Puvinah Nair A/P Suhumaran KJC1080188
Jennifer Anthony Francis KJC1080131
Question 1:
Orthography is a method of presenting a word or sound of the language using correct spelling.
Question 2:
(a) Form is the external aspect of words with regard to their inflections, pronunciation, or spelling
(b) WATCH
i) I bought a brand new watch as a gift for my brother for his birthday.
ii) Lets go to the cinema to watch the latest horror movie.
Question 3:
Mental lexicon is when someone says a word then we could imagine its form, structure, spelling, pronunciation and also the meaning of the word. For example, if we hear the word bungalow, we will start to imagine the design, color, spelling, size and also the pronunciation of the bungalow.
Question 4:
A morpheme is the smallest unit of linguistic meaning which can change the meaning of the word. Some examples of morphemes are -ly, -s, dis-, im-, ir-, il-, in-, -ness, -less, un-
(a) Boy – 1 morpheme (boy)
(b) Boyish - 2 morphemes (boy+ish)
(c) Boyishness – 3 morphemes (boy+ish+ness)
(d) Gentlemanliness – 4 morphemes (gentle+man+li+ness)
(e) Ungentlemanliness – 5 morphemes (un+gentle+man+li+ness)
Question 5:
Root morpheme is a word where it does not consist of any affixes (suffix or prefix).
For example: respect, friend, simple, beauty, clean
Question 6:
Stem is a word which consist of affixes (suffix or prefix).
For example: disrespect (prefix+root), friendly (root+suffix), simplest (root+suffix), beautify (root+suffix), uncleanliness (prefix+root+suffix)
Question 7:
(a) Free morpheme: can occur alone without any attachment
Example: nature, earth, sun
(b) Bound morpheme: cannot stand alone and consist of affixes (suffix or prefix)
Example: houses (house+s), donkeys (donkey+s)
(c) Prefix: a smallest unit of word that is attached before or in front a word.
Example: misbehave (mis- is a prefix), irregular (ir- is a prefix)
(d) Suffix: a smallest unit of word that is attached after or in the end of a word.
Example: purity (-ty, is a suffix), faithful (-ful, is a suffix)
(e) Content word: it is also known as open class word. It might change or added time to time. Those words are noun, verb, adjectives.
Example: thumb drive , external disk.
(f) Function word: it is also known as closed class word. It will never change from time to time. Those words are conjuctions, prepositions, pronouns
Example: and, but, the, is, are
(g) Derivational morpheme: derive or create new word from one word. It can change to another meaning after adding affixes.
Example: chop – chopper, run - runner, speak – speaker
(h) Inflectional morpheme: it won’t change the meaning of the word after it is changed into past tense, present tense, plurals, future tense.
Example: street – streets, make – making, walk – walked.
(i) Compound words: two different words are combined which forms a word with one meaning.
Example: mother+tongue= mother tongue, ear+ phone= ear phone, basket+ball= basketball
(j) Acronyms: a word formed from the initial letter of the several words in the name.
Example: DNA = Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid, PM= Prime Minister
(k) Blends: two words are joined together to form a new word without the same spelling.
Example: jeans+legging= jeggings, breakfast+lunch= brunch
(l) Abbreviation: a shorten form of a word or a phrase. Shortening something by omitting certain parts of it.
Example: Mr = Mister, fridge = refridgerator
(m) Eponyms: the person whom something is named after.
Example: Walt Disney, Kenny Rodgers, Ferrero Rocher.
Other examples please,Jennifer and friends...other than 'boyishness',etc....
ReplyDeleteun + believe + able (3morpheme)
Deletedesire + able + ity (3morpheme)
un + system + atic + al + ly (5morphemes)
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteHaloo frens, i want to share something..
ReplyDeleteMorphemes
(1)Lexical
(a)Free
- Noun
- Verb
- Adjective
e.g, compress
depress
oppress
repress
suppress
(b)Bound
e.g, subvert
invert
convert
(2)Gramatical
(a)Free
- Prepositions
- Articles
- Conjuctions
e.g, at
the
and
(b)Bound
-Inflectional
-Derivational
guys here some examples of morpheme..
ReplyDelete1) employ - 1 morpheme
2) employment - 2 morphemes = employ + ment
3) unemployment - 3 morphemes = un + employ + ment
1) courage - 1 morpheme
2) encourage - 2 morphemes = en + courage
3) encouragement - 3 morphemes = en + courage + ment
1) agree - 1morpheme
2) disagree - 2morpheme = dis + agree
3) disagreement - 3morpheme = dis + agree + ment